![]() Due to this easy access to EDs and heavy marketing of these compounds in various multimedia sources, people are consuming more and more EDs. These EDs are available and easily accessible on the market, whether they are sold in small retail grocery stores or in large supermarkets. Several EDs are available on the Saudi market, such as Red Bull®, Boozy®, Bison®, and Power Horse®. ![]() They are consumed to attain several effects, such as increased endurance, staying awake, fatigue relief, invigoration, memory/concentration boost and enjoyment of their taste. Ĭaffeine containing EDs are consumed heavily among Saudis, particularly among adolescents, including females, and college students due to aggressive marketing of their overestimated ability to provide vast physical energy, which promoted their widespread use. retail market value of EDs from all sources was estimated to be $5.4 billion in 2006, and this value has shown a similar annual growth rate over this same period (47%). Since that time, the ED market has grown exponentially with nearly 500 new brands launched worldwide in 2006 and 200 new brands launched in the US in the 12-month period ending July 2007. in 1997, the trend towards aggressive marketing of these EDs has grown tremendously. EDs first appeared in Asia and Europe in the 1960s however, after the introduction of Red Bull® in Austria in 1987 and in the U.S. EDs contain large doses of caffeine and other legal stimulants. EDs consumption is increasing, particularly among young adults and athletes. Increasing knowledge about EDs and their possible risks could decrease their consumption by the general public.Įnergy drinks (EDs) are beverages that are used to boost energy, increase physical performance, increase alertness and wakefulness, and elevate mood. ConclusionsĮxcessive EDs consumption is associated with an increased risk of experiencing several adverse events, which is commensurate with published studies. The majority of consumers (84.6%) recommended that authorities should regulate EDs consumption. Lower knowledge scores were identified in daily consumers than in 1–3 times monthly consumers higher adverse events were experienced by daily consumers than by 1–3 times monthly consumers. Importantly, an inverse association was identified between knowledge of EDs and consumption rate, and a proportional association was identified between experienced adverse effects and consumption frequency. Study subjects reported suffering from adverse effects, including mainly diuresis (53.7%), palpitations (50.7%), insomnia (50.7%). EDs are consumed by subjects for their effects on fatigue reduction (64.6%), increased alertness and focus (75.8%), and assistance during long driving trips (75.7%). ![]() Consumers attributed the popularity of EDs to massive advertising media (46.7%) and their stimulating and invigorating effects (37.5%). Of the 816 individuals invited to participate in the study, 783 participants responded and completed interviews, response rate was 96%. ![]() Frequency, percentage, and arithmetic means were calculated using Chi-square and ANOVA tests, and data with p < 0.05 were considered significant. Sociodemographic characteristics and data on EDs consumption patterns, the level of awareness among study subjects, and the purported benefits and reported adverse effects of EDs were collected. The data were obtained and collected using interview questionnaires. MethodsĪn observational cross-sectional study with data from a randomly selected Saudi population was conducted during the period of January 15th, 2015, to April 15th, 2015, using a pre-tested 43-item questionnaire. The objective was to assess the knowledge and perceived beneficial effects of EDs consumers, to assess consumption patterns and determine the adverse effects experienced by different EDs consumer groups residing in Saudi Arabia. The number of reports of caffeine intoxication from caffeinated EDs and problems related to caffeine dependence and withdrawal is increasing. Caffeine containing energy drinks (EDs) are heavily consumed, particularly among young adults. ![]()
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